Ingredient Glossary

This powerful plant reduces the normal inflammatory pathways that promote cartilage degeneration while also helping to increase cellular regeneration. It has been shown to be helpful on its own but works even better when used in combination with UC-II®, Glucosamine and Chondroitin.

• Boswellia Specific Canine Study Dietary support with Boswellia resin in canine inflammatory joint and spinal disease, 2012
  Boswellia serrata extract was effective in reducing symptoms of arthritis in dogs
• Boswellia & UC-II - Review of using boswellia and UC-II together in a multimodal (combination) treatment approach
• Boswellia/UC-II/GLU/CHO/GTE - Boswellia/UC-II/Glucosamine/Chondroitin/Green Tea Extract combination supplement is proven to be effective in reducing joint pain

Brewer's yeast is a key component of our chewable supplement base, contributing to the consistency and quality of our products. Beyond its role in enhancing product texture, Brewer's Yeast serves as a natural source of essential nutrients such as B Vitamins, Protein, and Minerals.

Vitamin C has been shown to help with the absorption of Glucosamine and can improve the efficacy of Glucosamine supplementation. Vitamin C also stimulates the production of aggrecan, a component present in joint cartilage. Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant and can reduce cellular damage caused by free radicals.

• Vitamin C and Osteoarthritis (page 276)

Calcium Pantothenate, also known as vitamin B5, is a component of coenzyme A (CoA), which is involved in energy metabolism and the synthesis of important molecules in the body. Commonly found in meat and fish, it helps promote energy metabolism, healthy skin & glossy dur and healthy nervous system function.

• Properties of Vitamin B5

Commonly found in red meat and made by the body naturally, chondroitin can help reduce occasional joint discomfort. It also helps stimulate Collagen AND Hyaluronic Acid production! Chondroitin has been shown to stimulate cartilage repair mechanisms and inhibit the enzymes that break down cartilage.

• Effects of Chondroitin Supplementation on OA (page 284-288)
• GLU/CHO Method of Action - Review of studies, explains how glucosamine and arthritis work to treat and prevent arthritis
• GLU/CHO Improves OA - GLU/CHO combination supplement significantly improves scores for pain, weight bearing and severity of condition in 70 days

Coconut Glycerin is an essential component of our chews, contributing to the texture and palatability. It also offers additional benefits for dogs. Derived from coconut oil, it naturally helps retain moisture, keeping the supplement soft and chewy. Additionally, coconut glycerin contains medium-chain fatty acids that may support skin and coat health in dogs.

MCT oil is a more concentrated and refined form of regular coconut oil that is easily absorbed by the body. This powerhouse oil is scientifically-proven to improve CBD absorption, making it easily digestible by your pet and improving overall efficacy.

• MCT Oil Increases CBD Absorption
• MCT Improves CBD Bioavailability

D-Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)  is commonly found in meat and fish and is important for skin & coat health and healthy nervous system function. It also helps metabolize energy by breaking down carbohydrates, fats and proteins to produce energy for the body.

• Properties of Vitamin B5

Dried whey is included in our supplement base to provide dogs with a highly digestible source of protein. It also contributes to the palatability and texture of our supplements.

ESM is the layer in chicken eggs between the calcified shell and the albumin, primarily composed of type I collagen and glycosaminoglycans (a natural source of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid). ESM supplementation has been scientifically-proven to reduce inflammatory compounds, and therefore pain from inflammation.

• ESM Clinical Study - Egg shell membrane significantly reduces joint pain and improves joint function in a 6 week period
• ESM & Hip Dysplasia

Our premium Fish Oil is made with a blend of sustainably sourced herring, mackerel, sardines and anchovy, providing the ideal 18% EPA : 12% DHA blend for your pet. Research has shown that giving CBD alongside a high quality Omega-3 oil significantly increases its effects, improving CBD uptake in the body.

Omega-3’s are also essential for the maintenance of healthy joints and are scientifically-proven to help reduce discomfort from daily activity.

• Lipids (fats) Enhance CBD Bioavailability

Also known as Folate or Vitamin B9, Folic Acid is essential for the synthesis and repair of DNA, cell division, and the production of red blood cells. Folic acid is particularly important during periods of rapid growth and a necessary vitamin for fetal development.

• Folate Supplementation Reduces Fetal Defects
• Folate Supplementation Improves GI Health

Calcium Fructoborate is a naturally occurring plant-mineral complex typically found in fruits, nuts and legumes which supports a normal inflammatory response.

• Canine Model CaFB Study - CaFB significantly improves ability to rise from a lying position, reduces pain scoring and improves blood levels of sRAGE
• CaFB Meta-Analysis - Review of studies examining CaFB as a joint supplement, shows studies that support CaFB in reducing joint discomfort and reducing blood inflammatory biomarkers
• sRAGE - Increasing soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) is a biotech target for inflammatory diseases (CaFB increases sRAGE production)
• CaFB Anti-Inflammatory Effects - CaFB reduces inflammatory effects of the immune system
• CaFB/Glucosamine/Chondroitin Combination - CaFB/Glucosamine/Chondroitin combination supplement is more effective than glucosamine/chondroitin supplement alone
• CaFB Dosing Analysis - Analysis of different doses of CaFB

Glucosamine is naturally produced in the body to maintain the health of the cartilage within joints. Glucosamine can help build lost cartilage by stimulating chondrocytes in the joint. It also helps maintain the integrity of the synovial fluid, enhancing mobility and reducing occasional stiffness.

• GLU/CHO Method of Action - Review of studies, explains how glucosamine and arthritis work to treat and prevent arthritis
• GLU/CHO Improves OA - GLU/CHO combination supplement significantly improves scores for pain, weight bearing and severity of condition in 70 days
• Oral GLU Supplementation - Oral glucosamine reduced histological signs of OA in 8 weeks

Glycerine is a key component of our supplement base, serving to maintain product texture and palatability. Derived from natural sources such as coconut oil, it helps ensure the soft and chewy consistency of our supplements. Additionally, glycerin may offer benefits for dogs' skin and coat health, contributing to their overall well-being.

Natural powerhouses, Green-Lipped Mussels are rich in Glucosamine, Chondroitin and Vitamins C & E, as well as antioxidants & minerals like Copper, Zinc & Selenium. They’re not only vital for your pup’s joint health, but also act as a natural solution for normal inflammatory responses.

• GLM & Canine Arthritis - GLM improves pain and swelling scores, reduces total arthritis score in canine model
• GLM & Canine OA Pain - GLM increases blood Omega 3s and reduces OA scores in 90 day
• Another Pain Study - GLM reduces pain in 8 weeks in canine model

Green Tea Extract enhances joint health by supporting a normal inflammatory response thanks to its potent antioxidant properties. It helps protect and promote the production of cartilage, crucial for maintaining joint flexibility and cushioning. It also supports bone health, enhancing the overall strength and integrity of the joints. Green tea extract can also provide relief from discomfort, helping contribute to enhanced flexibility.

• GTE Canine Study - GTE promotes weight loss and healthy gut microbiota while reducing inflammation in a canine model
• GTE & OA - GTE  has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a suitable therapeutic approach for osteoarthritis
• GTE Polyphenols & OA (Mouse Model) - ECGC (polyphenol in GTE) reduces OA-associated pain, reduced the inflammatory response and articular cartilage degradation biomarkers

Cannabidiol, most commonly referred to as CBD, is an active compound found in the hemp plant. CBD is able to reduce discomfort by activating the body’s endocannabinoid system. CBD is heavily studied and scientifically-proven to significantly reduce symptoms of anxiety, discomfort and the severity of many inflammatory conditions.

• CBD Reduces Pain in Dogs with OA
• CBD Potent Anti-Inflammatory in Dogs
• Meta-Analysis of CBD’s Pain Relieving Effects in Dogs with OA

We use Honey as a natural flavoring agent, enhancing the palatability and appeal. Beyond its role in providing a delicious taste, honey offers potential health benefits, including antimicrobial properties and trace amounts of vitamins and minerals. By incorporating honey as a natural flavor, we ensure that our supplements are both tasty and beneficial for dogs.

Hyaluronic Acid is naturally produced in the joint cavity in order to help lubricate the joints, making it easier to move. Supplementation of Hyaluronic Acid can help to replace the lubrication in the joints that is typically lost during the natural aging process.

• Hyaluronic Acid as Support for OA

Iodine is an essential vitamin for thyroid function and can be found in seafood, dairy and eggs. The body needs iodine in order to produce thyroid hormones - this is particularly important for pets on fresh or raw food diets that frequently lack enough iodine.

• The Role of Iodine in Nutrition and Metabolism

Iron is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in various physiological processes in the body. It is an important component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. Iron is also involved in energy production and is vital to maintain a healthy immune system.

• Iron Deficiency Anemia in Dogs

Taurine is an essential dietary amino acid.  While it is naturally produced by the body, certain dog breeds can be at higher risk of taurine deficiency (American Cocker Spaniels, Golden Retrievers & Labradors). It plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system and good vision. It’s also an essential amino acid for proper fetal development and reduces the incidence of miscarriage in both dogs and cats.

• Taurine Supplementation Supports Treatment of Heart Disease
• Dietary Taurine and Heart Disease
• Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Taurine Deficiency
• DCM and Golden Retrievers

Magnesium is the second most abundant mineral in the body and is essential for nerve, muscle and immune function.

• Role of Magnesium in Canine Health
• Effects of Magnesium Deficiency
• Supplementation of Magnesium Reduces Stress in Dogs

We use Mixed Tocopherols as a natural preservative. These compounds help maintain the freshness and quality of the product by preventing oxidation and rancidity. By incorporating them into our formula, we ensure that our supplements remain nutritious and effective for our customers' furry companions.

Molasses is added to our supplements as a natural flavor, enhancing the taste and appeal of the product for dogs. Derived from sugar cane or sugar beets, molasses provides a rich and sweet flavor profile that dogs find irresistible. Beyond its role as a flavor enhancer, molasses also offers trace minerals such as iron, calcium, and potassium. By incorporating molasses into our formula, we ensure that our supplements are both delicious and nutritious, encouraging dogs to enjoy their daily dose of health support.

Methylsulfonylmethane is a compound that is naturally produced by the body but is also found in a lot of fresh foods. MSM helps to improve blood flow to the affected areas and helps reduce discomfort and stiffness.

• GLU/MSM Combination: GLU/MSM combination significantly improves pain and swelling scores, more effective in combination than alone
• MSM OA Review: MSM supplementation significantly improves OA-associated pain scores

Our supplements feature natural beef flavoring to improve palatability and appeal to dogs. Derived from real beef sources, it provides a savory taste that dogs love.

Also known as vitamin B3, Niacin acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, and is essential for the proper functioning of enzymes involved in energy metabolism and acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals . It’s also essential to maintain a healthy nervous system, healthy skin & glossy fur and cellular integrity through DNA repair.  Dietary sources include meat, fish and whole grains.

We incorporate natural pork flavoring to enhance the taste and attractiveness of our supplements. Sourced from real pork, it offers a savory flavor that dogs find irresistible.

Potassium Sorbate is included in joint liquid as a preservative to maintain freshness and shelf life. It helps prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, ensuring the safety and quality of the product.

We use natural beef flavoring to improve palatability and appeal to dogs. Derived from real beef sources, it provides a savory taste that dogs love.

Purified Water is an essential component of our supplements, ensuring consistency by helping maintain the desired texture.

Riboflavin, also known as Vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin that’s commonly found in meat, dairy products and leafy greens. It plays a critical role in energy production, the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and the maintenance of healthy tissues.

• Effects of Riboflavin Deficiency 
• Riboflavin Requirement in Dogs
• Antioxidant Properties of Riboflavin

We use Rosemary Extracts for its natural preservative properties and potential health benefits. It helps maintain the freshness and quality of the product while providing antioxidant support.

Selenium is a mineral that contributes to healthy thyroid function and  functions as a cofactor for several enzymes and proteins, acting as an antioxidant and supporting normal cellular function.

Tapioca starch is incorporated into our supplements as a binding agent and thickener. Derived from the cassava root, it helps maintain the structural integrity and consistency of the product.

More commonly known as Vitamin B1, Thiamine HCL is found in meat and fish. It’s an essential factor in carbohydrate metabolism as it converts glucose into usable energy and helps promote healthy nervous function, appetite and digestion. But there’s more! Thiamine HCL also plays a role in supporting the body's response to stress and maintaining a healthy immune system.

This unique ingredient is designed to support your pet’s joint health by helping to manage the body's natural responses to collagen, which is a crucial component of joint cartilage. Type II collagen makes up 75% of this cartilage and plays a vital role in maintaining the strength and flexibility of your pet's joints.

• UC-II Combo Supplement - UC-II/Glucosamine/Chondroitin Supplement more effective than either ingredient given alone
•  UC-II Mechanism of Action - How UC-II works to reduce collagen destruction in the joints
• UC-II Anti-Inflammatory Effects - UC-II reduces the immune inflammatory response
• UC-II Pain Reduction - UC-II greatly improves pain scoring
• UC-II Immune Suppression - UC-II mitigates the excessive immune response that causes inflammation and joint degradation
• UC-II vs. Pharma - UC-II is proven to be work effective at reducing symptoms of arthritis than pharmaceutical anti-inflammatory drugs
• UC-II Review - A huge compilation of research performed on UC-II

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for a dog’s health. Commonly found in liver, eggs and more, it helps bone and tissue development, support muscle and nerve function and enhances skin and coat health.

• Importance of Vitamin A in Canine Nutrition

Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal-based food sources like meat, seafood, eggs and dairy. It helps prevent anemia, supports oxygen transport throughout the body, maintains a healthy nervous system and is vital in metabolizing fats, carbohydrates and proteins.

Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble vitamin that supports several essential functions in dogs. It aids in the absorption and regulation of calcium and phosphorus, promoting strong bones and teeth. Commonly found in fatty fish, it supports bone health, promotes proper muscle function and enhances immune system function.

• Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation in Dogs
• Role of Vitamin D in Canine Health
• Impact of Vitamin D in Canine Diseases

A powerful antioxidant, Vitamin E helps neutralize free radicals, which can damage cells and contribute to aging and disease. Not only does Vitamin E support overall immune system health, but it also promotes a healthy skin and coat, keeping your dog looking and feeling their best.

• Vitamin E Reduces Cellular Oxidative Damage
• Benefits of Vitamin E Supplementation

Wild Alaskan Salmon Oil is filled with Omega-3 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fats found in fish. They help promote a healthy skin and glossy fur, support joint and cardiovascular health, and enhance cognitive function.

• Fish Oil Supplementation Reduces Inflammatory Markers in Dogs with OA
• Omega 3 Supplementation Improves Mobility in Dogs with OA
• Omega 3 Supplementation Improves Clinical Signs of OA in Dogs

Zinc is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in various physiological functions in dogs and is commonly found in meat, fish, vegetables and more. It promotes healthy skin & coat, supports the immune system, aids in wound healing and contributes to digestive health.

• Zinc Deficiency and Arthritis